簡單前提:大概又是老師要隨便講講的課了...
Like all complex species, we will go extinct, if we do not innovate.
innovate-創新
窮則變,變則通,通則久。
collective learning-群體學習(繼志述事、典範學習)
painless surgery→infection control→minimally invasive
Surgeons was ensuring the social acceptability.
MGH...是一家醫院Massachusetts General Hospital
率先使用乙醚麻醉
haemostasis-止血
adequate-充足的
postoperatively-術後
Halsted's Principle
1. Gentle handling of tissue.
2. Strict aseptic technique during preparation and surgery
3. Sharp anatomic dissection of tissues
4. Careful haemostasis to limit infection and deadspace
5. Obliteration of dead space and adequate removal of material
6. Avoidance of tension
7. Importance of rest postoperatively
簡單一句...工欲善其事,必先利其器 要小心謹慎根本廢話...
eponyms-以...命名之事物
Halsted's law:組織只有在這個個體缺乏這個組織時,才會生長
Halsted's operation :
1. inguinal hernia腹股溝疝氣:俗稱墜腸或脫腸,是泌尿科常見的疾病之一。腹股溝是位於腹部與大腿交接處靠近腹部的一個斜向管道,在男生有精索通過,在女生則有卵巢圓韌帶通過,腹股溝疝氣就是在腹股溝有不正常的鼓起,兩側都可能發生。
2. radical mastectomy for breast cancer:幹掉一堆淋巴結的乳癌切除手術(現在已不常見~)
Halsted's sign:乳癌的徵兆(應該是指無痛性乳房腫塊+乳頭凹陷...但是不確定...)
Halsted's suture: 一種疤痕較少的縫合法(參考下圖)
Halsted mosquito forceps:一種止血鉗(一樣下圖~)
morbidity-發病率
surgical oncology-腫瘤外科(為什麼不是腫瘤當形容詞啊?)
大概就到這裡囉~~~